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Friday, April 4, 2025

The Nine Years War in Ireland- Basing

 


Back in January I reviewed my Outstanding Projects and resolved to complete them. 

This is the formal start of my Nine Years War Project. A long term interest. Basing may seem like an odd place to start. Especially as I’m writing a game for the period that is basing agnostic.

Why so then? Well, it is about how each side fought. The basing being a visual clue to English solidity and Irish mobility.  Of course the dichotomy is not that stark. Some troops on either side shared the same spatial imprint. Today I want to look at pike and shot.


The Irish overwhelmingly used the caliver, a light piece. The English used a mixture of calivers and muskets. The musket was heavy. In the English sliding scale of role allocation the strongest men carried the pike, the next strongest were musketeers. The smallest/weakest took a caliver. The caliver was light albeit with a shorter range than the musket.


Caliver qualification for the Irish had a different criteria. Could the aspirant hit the target? If so he was in. This perhaps partially lies  behind General Mountjoy’s observation that “If it came to hand strokes the Irish usually prevailed”. The Irish caliver men came in a range of strength and sizes.  The other factor being that a sizeable minority of the Irish Shot had formerly been skilled close fighters.

The Irish Army in the Nine years War was oriented to missilery rather than close fighting. Caliver men could constitute up to 80% of an Irish Force. The trick was to protect the calivers. More on that in a subsequent post.

Currently, I’m envisaging the Caliver men of both sides as occupying the same spatial imprint. Musketeers will be more solidly grouped. They were not as mobile. mobility, an essential of war in Ireland led to the English eventually abandoning the musket there.


Now, to the Pike. The English pike man was trained to fight in a slow moving solid formation. He was heavily armoured. Normally he and his comrades could simply roll over their Irish equivalents.


Why so? The Irish Pike Man was modelled on the Spanish (Pica Seca) light pike men. His purpose was to move quickly to interdict the English cavalry should they threaten the Irish caliver men.  That he could do. He was not intended for push of pike. If it came to that he fought at great disadvantage.


This project will conclude with the publication of a new set of rules for the Nine Years War. Omerta prevents me from saying more. I find myself working within a set framework.  This is both helpful and restrictive. Helpful because it focuses the mind. Restrictive because some options are no longer appropriate.

The challenge is to produce something both soundly historical and fun.

Here follows the result of the helpful element of the process.


For the English a Battalia (Composite Regiment) might consist of 18 pikemen and 8 musketeers accompanied by a 6 man detachment of caliver men.  The pike and musket aren’t very mobile  and will stick together. The calivers are mobile, hence their contemporary appellation “Loose Shot”. Thirty figures in all. Looking something like this.

CCC CCC

MMMM PPPPPPPPP MMMM

PPPPPPPPPP


Now the Irish Battalia. 18 calivers in 3 groups of 6 and 8 light pike men accompanied by 4 Horse. There is a lot of mobile firepower here and some swift moving protection. Once again we have 30 figures in all. Looking something like this.

CCCCCC CCCCCC CCCCCC

PPPPPPPPPP

HHHH

Immediately we can see the English Battalia wants to fight a close combat action while the Irish Battalia wants to fight a mobile fire power action. Both intend to play to their strengths.

Can we say more? Indeed we can. If our English Battalia is  “Brittainy Company" based we might call it “Seasoned”.  If it is formed of Conscript Companies we might call it “Raw”.

And the Irish Battalia? We should deem the 18 caliver men “Veteran” and their supporting Horsemen and Pike “Seasoned”.

Our Project takes shape. It reflects the Period. Next time we will look at other troop types and how they fought.

I'm aiming to have this one done and dusted by July. I hope you enjoy our various stopping points along the way.


Sunday, March 30, 2025

Andalusian Warriors and Soldiers-El Cid

 


Today let’s consider the Andalusians. Those with more subject knowledge than I conclude the following. Above Slav Mercenaries.

The Andalusian nobility were well motivated and skilled warriors. Very well mounted and compared to Christian Hidalgo more lightly protected. More your swift javelin throwers who can hit and evade. Actually, many Hidalgos fought just like that. What gave them the edge and all agree they had it, was the Christian fondness for a decisive charge.


From this we might conclude that against Jinete of any kind the Andalusian nobles have a good chance of winning.


They might also ride down skirmishers or do something fast and clever to overrun missile men, formed or not.

Steady close formed foot could be reduced with missilery rather than immediately charged head on.


Unless numbers dictated otherwise Andalusian nobles shouldn’t expect too much if they met a Spanish cavalry charge head on.

This all makes sense to me. The lessons are easily absorbed.  Things to do, things to avoid.


Likewise, Andalusian Jinete are good light cavalry. Meeting their Christian or Berber equivalents on level terms. Form dictates function. Or, is function dictates form? Either way we are talking about good light cavalry.

Things take a turn for the worst when we consider the infantry of Al Andalus.  The skirmishers were not the best but they could and would skirmish. It was the close order infantry that everyone thought was markedly inferior. Their only edge was sartorial it seems. Man for man they seem to have been wealthier than their foes. Below Berber Warriors.



I don’t know why this disparity should have been so marked. It may be that the mounted element of the Andalusian Armies was descended from the professional soldiers of the original conquering Arab Army. Perhaps the infantry were comprised of the descendants those who arrived later or had converted for better conditions. I have a couple of books coming that may shed some light.

Whatever the cause, attempts were made to effect redress. The easiest was to employ steady mercenaries-expensive. The other was to adopt the crossbow. The Andalusians did both.


There was sound reasoning for the Papal Ban on the crossbow. It could kill better skilled and protected warriors from a relatively safe distance. In terms of the order of society promoted by Frankish Christianity the crossbow was a serious threat to the establishment. That was a world where Nobles Fought, Clerics Prayed and everyone else worked. Where would that World be if the peasants could kill the nobles before the nobles killed the peasants?

I’m going to give my Andalusians two crossbow units. They won’t have high morale but they will shoot hard.


The mercenaries could be Christian warriors, or Berbers or the Soldiers of the defunct Caliphate of Cordoba. The latter could be Slavs or Sub Saharan Africans who had been enlisted on the Mamluk model. All of the forgoing were capable fighters. Importantly, Christian knights could be and were hired to deliver the missing deadly charge.

Above, you see my Andalusians and their mercenaries so far.


Wednesday, March 19, 2025

More El Cid

 


Having returned to the Reconquista I find myself on a roll. Much had been done before the abandonment. Little was needed to complete new units.  There are re-enforcements for every faction.

Here are some Andalusian javelin men. Skirmishers or a second rank behind the spearmen.



Berbers from Donnington New Era and the very old Originals.

 


The new above, the old below. Berbers could be found on all sides.

 


The Andalusians get two new units of horse archers.

 


All from Forged in Battle.

 




As are these heavy cavalry.



These Andalusian slingers too.



Now to the Christians. 

 


They get some heavy cavalry. The elite of the Christian armies. Donnington New Era figures. The ones top of the page are Minifigs.  

Like the Berbers Christian soldiers fought for Andalusian and Berber armies. The Andalusians likewise for Christians and Berbers.

 


More Christian Jinetes. 



Some Basque javelin men from Minifigs.


Old Glory archers, perhaps Goths or some such. I think they will do for Spain.



In terms of rules I intend to co-opt Dan Mersey's Clerics and Heroes concept. 



Tuesday, March 11, 2025

El Cid Again


I had the beginnings of a Moorish Spain Project here a few years ago.  The tag was Tell Cid. Passible witty, if you got the reference. Perhaps puzzling otherwise. It stalled, the project that is.

Anyhow, now it is back courtesy of a War Hammer publication -El Cid. It is years old and I bought it from a lad in Germany. The El Cid book is great for inspiration and I’m pleased with it. Nice to get it from Germany and in a timely fashion too. Last week I got Brent Oman's Ancient and Medieval Battle Command from the USA. I also got Harman Murtagh's The Irish Jacobite Army. They arrived in the same post.

One of the many things I enjoy about the hobby is its international aspect. There was an international trade network in the Bronze Age too. Until the Collapse.

So where are we? I thought I should do a Billhooks/Lion Rampant size force for each of the contenders. A protracted rummage through the Lead Pile and its sibling the Box of Forgotten Projects produced the following:


The Black Guard of Yusuf Ibn Tashfin. These fellows will get a second unit and some archers. Donnington New Era figures, you have to drill the hands which sometimes works.



Christian Town Militia. A couple of Museum figures and the rest from Essex via Colonel Bill's. Note the flag of St. Pelagius.  There were two St. Pelagius, this one's the scholar. I like the simplicity of this unit.



Basque light cavalry from Baueda. I have a few of these and they aren't bad at all. Not very lively though.

Andalusian Cavalry from Donnington New Era. Nice enough, paw drilling necessary.



Berber cavalry with a jolly Berber flag. Also from the brand of the broken hand.  I like these.



Mercenary Caballeros from Baueda. Part of a job lot and sold as Sicilian Normans. I think they work for Spain. One can take a flag, I have yet to locate one.



Mercenary Crossbows from Museum. Much to like I think.



Andalusian Town Militia from Forged in Battle. Arabs, should you want some.  Forged in Battle are good. I have lots of their Arabs. I intend to add green stuff tassels to the larger shields suiting them for Spain.


That's it so far but the project is securely re-launched.

I'll put the next batch up when they are done. Handily, most units could fight on either side.




Thursday, March 6, 2025

Still, My Beating Heart! Missilery

 

I continue enthused about my Aztec Game. Today we look at Missilery. Let’s first consider what was flying at the combatants. Above, note 3 Atl-Atl top right, arrows and thrown stones heading into the centre.

Lombards- Initially the cannon used by Cortez were light ships swivel guns (Lombards) mounted upon wheels. The Lombard was loaded with a primed and shotted detachable breach. Shoot once, whip out the breach and lock in a new one.

The Meso-Americans disliked these light cannon and there were occasions when massed formations moved sharply to get out of the line of fire. We need to reflect that. All the same compared to steel clad horsemen and deadly swords the Lombard was a lesser horror.

I’m minded to limit Lombard shot to two firings a game. I could rationalise this by comparing the amount of precious gunpowder needed compared to that used by an arquebus. There is truth in that. There is also the need not to unbalance the game. 

There is no armour defence against Lombard shot.

Arquebus and Crossbows- I’ve decided to group these together. Crossbows were the predominate weapon. Both weapons readily outranged and defeated any armour and weapons the Meso-Americans possessed. I’m opting for 6 shots for soldiers thus armed. 

Note that Spanish practice was for one loader, one firer enabling constant fire. This of course means only half of the shooters shoot but they do so in every turn. 

Players who don’t want to emulate this may fire with all shooters every other turn. 

During close combat shooters support their unit comrades by continuing to shoot.  

Meso-American armour offers no protection against arquebus shot or Crossbow quarrel.

The “Bang” factor is currently on the long finger for me. These shooters will cause enough havoc.


Atl-Atl – An elite weapon not to be found in the hands of rank and file warriors. It could defeat Meso-American armour and might with luck punch through mail. Against plate it accomplished little. Nor did it have a great range. On the plus side its users were expert and could place a dart where armour was not. It could also seriously wound a horse. Mexica and Tlaxcala nobles and Cuachic can shoot Atl-Atl twice.

Meso-American armour whether worn by Mexica, Tlaxcala or Spanish fighters is reduced by 1 when shot at with Atl-Atl.




Bows – the Tlaxcala made great use of the bow. The Mexica much less so. I’m going with 6 shots per game by those bow armed. 

The Meso-American bow did better at close range. All bow men can shoot in each turn.

For the moment I’m ignoring sling stones and hand thrown stones although both occurred. That won’t do for the Inca or City Fighting but we are not there yet.

What does this all mean? Consider this Tlaxcala unit. It contains a base of nobles, they can shoot Atl-Atl twice. It has 6 bow men, they can shoot in every turn. The remaining 6 warriors are close fighters who never shoot.



For convenience I'm minded to use red dice for close combat and Green dice for shooting. Our unit above would get 10 Green dice down to 6 post 2 turns of Atl-Atl shooting. 



For close combat it would have 10 red dice, 4 for the nobles and 6 for the warriors.  Not over complex I hope.

All the same I might complicate it further with 4 distinctive white dice for the nobles. Why? Because they are the superior warriors likely to inflict more damage. The ones the Spanish liked to kill first. Once they are gone their superior abilities are gone too. We will see.


The same unit with stage 1 of the basing done. More sand and the odd tuft to be added.



Conceptually, the above appeals. Instead of removing figures you remove dice. Once removed those dice give a visual on how much fight is left in there Army. 

What of the Mexica? A different proposition. Look at the unit below. 



It is from a wealthy neighbourhood. Lots of nobles and veteran warriors. Twice in a game they can lose a fierce barrage of Atl-Atl. Nine missile dice at a time. After that it is close combat only. Except, they are accompanied by six lesser fellows with bows who skirmish. 

These skirmishers never willingly engage in close combat. They will hang about the main body, or precede it, seeking to provoke the enemy. Only half of them will shoot in any one turn. They are not massed archers.

The figures are all old Minifigs. I'm rather fond of them. That said, as we will shortly see, the the bulk of my collection are from Gladiator.



Here are the (Khurasan) Spanish missilemen. These happen to have arquebus rather than crossbows. They are more properly intended for the Inca campaigns. There are only 6 in this unit and they normally fire at half effect. However their missile can penetrate any armour.


Tucked away safely behind Spanish close fighters they will cause a steady stream of kills. They can also chose their targets.

Next time on Still, My Beating Heart! Close Combat.

 

Saturday, March 1, 2025

The Nine Years War 1593-1603- A Review


Dr James O'Neill gives us the first part of his series on the Nine Years War in Ireland. Published by Helion it runs to 151 pages excluding covers. It is well written and hugely informative. As it should be, Dr O'Neill is the foremost authority on the War.

Let’s walk through what we get.

It begins with War in Fermanagh and the West where we are introduced to Hugh O’Neill, Baron of Dungannon. He, a contender for the title of the O’Neill, was intended as an English Agent in efforts to extend London’s control of the Northern Gaels. He, subsequently Earl of Tyrone and the O’Neill, thought otherwise as history records.

In this phase the nominal Irish Leader was Hugh Maguire Lord of Fermanagh. He was Father in Law to Hugh O’Neill. In fact the Irish were already confederated.  Maguire was working to a wider plan.  The forces of the Irish and English are described and the nature of the fighting. The Irish were involved in a military transition. Gallowglass and Scots Mercenaries once the mainstay of Irish Armies sacrificed were sacrificed to preserve the emergent Irish modern army.

When the English met that army it proved a shock. They had not seen the like. Its recruitment, training and equipment are fully described. We are given detailed accounts of the actions at Tulsk, Erne Ford, Enniskillen, Carrickfergus and the Ford of Biscuits. 

If you want to know why the English musketeers did so well at Erne Ford and Enniskillen its here. How the Irish caliver men at Tulsk checked the feared English cavalry that’s here too.

We meet the commanders of both sides and are treated to an extensive quotes and illustrations from contemporary documents. Dr O’Neill is a master of his subject and though I have studied this period well there was, for me, new learning here.

The second part of the book deals with Tyrone’s War in Ulster. We get a detailed analysis of the forces involved. Importantly, we see clearly the new Irish Army. Pen portraits of English and Irish commanders increase or understanding of the dynamics of the conflict. Highlights include extensive treatments of the battles of Clontibret, Carrickfergus and of course The Yellow Ford.

The quality of maps of the battles, including their development are very good. Increasing the readers comprehension of how the actions were fought. Pleasingly, Seán O Brógain supplies the following illustrations: Irish Shot, English Horse, English Musketeer, Irish Horse, Irish Swordsman, Captain Thomas Williams, Hugh O’Neill and Sir Henry Bagenal.


Above, English Captain Tom Lee dressed as a Kern. He appears in Dr O'Neill's book. Note how the Irish soldiers costume simplified as the new Irish Army took the field. 

The above is the briefest of reviews of this excellent work. As you would hope there are 6 pages of sources facilitating further research. 

Helion tend to be a mixed bag but this is a splendid book. Recommended.