Great Northern War- New Units

 

A pack of Minifig Generals above painted for the Swedish Service.  These are very nice figures.  Note the cuirass the lad on the left is wearing.  The latest research shows that some Swedish cavalry were cuirassiers.  Good news for me.  I can now press some Dixon Cuirassiers into the Swedish Service.

Should you want to know more Sergey Shamenkov's latest book for Helion. Volume 2 "Charles XII's Karoliners".

The Grenadiers of the Swedish Life Guard above. Centre, with the flag, a lone CP model.  The rest are Dixon.

Two new Russian Battalions below representing the Ustyuzhski Regiment.  Figures from Minifigs.  You will note the regiment has two battalions.  

In Talon and Claw speak they are "Regulation" that means musket armed with supporting pikemen.  The "ideal" as it were.

The first battalion is rated "Drilled".  The second battalion is rated "Raw". I'm waiting for their pike men to arrive.

The flags are by Russian James, fine fellow that he is for making them freely available.

Here we see the Ustyuzhski Regiment manning a field redoubt.  The Russians liked to use these when fighting the Swedes.  To that end they were often willing to cart around ready made portable defences.  It was an old tradition.

I have two of these and may do a third.  These come from Alternative Armies.  They have lots of interesting bits and pieces.

The thinking being that the steppe often lacked trees for improvised barricades and the rolling plains were little better.  Digging was arduous and time consuming.

These ones wouldn't stand artillery bombardment but as the Swedes rarely deployed their guns it didn't much matter.

Two squadrons of Russian cavalry next.

Minifigs, representing the Kazanski Regiment.  Swords drawn, but these fellows liked to shoot from the saddle too.

I would like to say that is my Great Northern war collection done.  More probably it is nearly done.  You all know how it goes.

Next week we are back to the West.  Will it be Wild?  Yes, very wild.

Head Quarters Detachment Part 1- Yellow Ribbon

 

My HQ Detachment is loosely modelled on that of Crook on the Powder River and Rosebud Expeditions.  Let us look at progress on the various elements.  They all offer interesting gaming opportunities.  Be advised, this started off as a single post.  I realised it would take two posts and cut it.  Hopefully it still reads well enough

Above, we have the Great Man himself, the General.  He was normally accompanied by an Adjutant(s) and the vital Indian Scouts.  Numbers of the latter could vary.  Note the scouts are wearing red.  This is so Crook's soldiers can recognise them as allies. Unfortunately, red was a favourite colour of the Sioux and Cheyenne too!  An ahh.. moment for Crook. 

 

While we are on Scouts here is a photo of Arikara and Crow Scouts. No one makes Arikara (Rees) in 15mm.

I think it was taken at the site of the Little Big Horn battle.  We have discussed tribal hair styles before and here we see how distinctive they could be.  The Arikara (Rees) have a top knot or tuft, the Crow a quiff and plaits.

Horses, Mules and Men had to be fed. Reserve ammunition was essential.  Crook was a mule enthusiast.  They were tough and highly mobile. So were the Packers and Crook loved them too. All the same mules lacked capacity and the more you took the more Packers were needed.  Packers had to be fed too and so did extra Mules.

Here's another thing about Packers-they were incredibly well paid.  They earned more in a week than a trooper did in a month.  Lots more. 

Finerty, a journalist accompanying Crook chose to Mess with the Packers.  Crook invited him to dine.  "Ah, no thank you General said Finerty, previous engagement!"  The Packers dined well. Custer famously used soldiers as Packers. It saved a fortune.  His packs never showed up.

The solution was the wagon.  Not so mobile but roomy.  Mules could accompany a detached Battalion or Company.  Wagons stayed with the HQ.  

As an expedition progressed the contents of the wagon would be consumed.  This resulted in capacity for carrying the wounded.

Here is my QRF Wagon, easy to assemble and it looks the part.  Good price too.

A Surgeon accompanied the Army.  He might have his own Ambulance if the soldiery were lucky. Again he was part of HQ Detachment. My Ambulance has not arrived yet.

Here is half of my Mule Train. Note figures on foot too. a Yellow Ribbon requirement. I  could do some military Packers to accompany them. Civilian Packers were hugely expensive.  My Packers are shot gun armed just because of what I had lying about. Civilian Packers often liked Winchesters. The figures are Confederate Irregulars from Peter Pig mounted and Minifig dismounted.

Food on the hoof was useful too.  A small cattle herd might accompany HQ Battalion. Mine are from Peter Pig.  One of the packers is riding herd. I'm sure I have another Cowboy somewhere.

All of the foregoing needed protection.  HQ Detachment had the choice of the best men and horses. However, post the Powder River expedition morale was poor among the units who had participated.  My HQ has a Company of Troopers to keep everything and everyone in one piece.

Some of HQ Troopers wear the new issue blue Army Shirt.  All the good stuff was to be found at HQ.  The Army took pains over logistics. Of course I need this Outfit dismounted too. And horses.  Next time.  

I also have an Infantry Company to accompany the wagon. Eight Privates and a Sergeant.  Infantry are no use at all in pursuing Indians.  They are very good at defending wagons, improvised hospitals and livestock.  Longer ranged rifles, "Long Tom's" in the argot of the Army. 

QRF once again. I actually have near enough 3 of these units.  Infantry escorting a supply train, or simply going into garrison, gives a different sort of game challenge.  

The infantry, along with the Crow and Shoshone, saved the day at the Rosebud.  Scout Frank Grouard thought Crook would have quickly lost half of his command without them.  I could buy some mules for mine. Then I'd need mule mounted soldiers too.  Maybe I will. That would be an additional 20 mules and 20 mule mounted infantry. 

You don't need many figures for Yellow Ribbon but the variants mount up.  No pun intended!  They dismount too.

HQ Detachment is also the place for your Gatling Gun should you have one.  Custer, famously, refused to take any.  He said it would slow him down.  It would have.  Also, difficult ground was a Gatling challenge.  Five men were injured trying to push and pull one through the rough. We will see mine in Part 2.

Your General might be desirous of favourable publicity and successful post campaign grandstanding.  If so he might have a pet Journalist along to attest his military brilliance. Getting him killed would be a black mark.  

Could this be Journalist Finerty ?  Will he keep his hair once again?  Crook's accompanying journo's were mainly to be found in the thick of the fighting.  It made for interesting copy.

We will have another look at HQ Detachment when everything has arrived and is painted.

Next time we will consider some first hand accounts from both sides.  Somewhere along the line we are going to have a close look at Army tactics, soldiers and officers.  Lots ahead of us, Powder River, Rosebud and other interesting stuff.  I'll post it all as it comes with maybe other periods interspersed as opportunity presents.

Elk Scrapers -Yellow Ribbon

 

The Elk Scrapers are my second Plains Indian Warrior Society.  These ones are from Minifigs. Pleasingly, I got a big bag of them as an ebay bargain!  A major project saving.  They came on horse and on foot.  These are very nice figures and easy to paint.  Once again the band is 18 strong.  As required by Yellow Ribbon I have them on foot too.  You can see one has been designated as Leader.

The Warrior Societies competed for members and membership was taken seriously.  Apart from scouting missions (Wolves) members always fought together.  The tactical method was always the same. Locate and watch the foe, skirmish and then attack.  Warfare was fluid in nature.  There was one exception.  If a village was attacked all warriors would stand and fight until all women children and elderly had been evacuated to safety. 

Here is my rating for the Elk Scrapers Warrior Society.  Medicine is high. Perhaps they are the survivors of the Powder River attack. Almost all Cheyenne survived that but they were utterly impoverished by the burning of their village. According to Scout Frank Grouard it had been a rich village. "Those Indians were well to do" he said. Naturally, they were furious.  The Sioux re equipped them gratis.

 

Elk Scrapers	Cheyenne Band	Leader, Wooden Leg
Movement Foot	Indian
Movement Mounted	Crack
Exhaustion Foot	11
Exhaustion Mounted	12
Field Craft	Crack
Close Combat	Crack
Marksmanship	Good
Weapon	Well Armed
Medicine	18

Normally, women did not fight. Yet, sometimes we read accounts of young women joining the warriors.  Then, riding with the best of them, they killed.  In each case that I have read this behaviour was occasioned by the death or injury of a young male relative.

Famously, a young Cheyenne  woman fought at Little Big Horn.  Here is another example.  At the Rosebud  a Crow warrior attempted to count coup on a Sioux.  The Sioux shot him in the knee and de horsed him.  Counting coup was always dangerous.  The Crow had failed in the attempt and the Sioux came in for the kill. He was shot dead by a Crow woman who had joined the fight.  Her brother had previously been killed by Sioux.

There is more.  The fallen Sioux was scalped by the Crow woman. Subsequently, she distributed parts of the scalp to women of her village. Then, when the scalp dance was performed the women joined in each displaying their scrap of Sioux scalp.

The origin of Scalping is much disputed.  Scalp Dances are much easier for us to locate.  During a scalp dance every warrior displayed the scalps he had taken. He then sang and boasted of the how and when. His women folk then acted as a sort of Greek Chorus.  They echoed his words, shouting his exploits. This was a high point in Plains Warrior culture.

To be an Indian was to compete for in tribe status.  Status came from hunting and warrior skills.  The more meat and hides provided, Coup counted, scalps taken the higher the status accrued.

The pressure on young men to gain status was immense.  Older warriors already had it.  Paint patterns of coup counted and men killed, scalps adorning war shields and lances all fore fronted their achievements. Scalp dances provided an additional reminder of who was who.  Young men yearned to be counted in.

This brought tensions as America advanced.  Red Cloud could afford to sit on his reservation.  No one could challenge his warrior status.  He had killed the foe, won his wars, brought fame to his name.  A young man seeking similar status, by necessity, must go to war.  There was no other way.

The Sitting Bull solution was to avoid America all together.  That was no longer possible.  America did not stand still.

On a Reservation a young Indian normally could not go to war and thus could not accrue status.  Progression to full manhood was then denied him. This was destructive of Indian Society.  Generational conflict was uncontained.  It found various outlets-none of them good.  The Comanches who we have yet to consider suffered most.  We may look at that later.

Some responded to Army calls for hireling warriors.  Once engaged they could fulfil their cultural imperative to war.  They could then return home having achieved status.  Or, possibly.  That they had fought and killed their own kin was a serious breach of tribal mores. For Reservation Crow or Shoshone no such problem existed.  They went out against traditional enemies.

We have not entirely reached those fraught times. In front of us is Powder River, The Rosebud and Little Big Horn.  We also need to say more about the Army, the Kit Foxes and potential scenarios.

All Brave Dogs- Yellow Ribbon

 

By the time of the Rosebud the Plains People were frantic.  No matter what they did, and they did a lot, nothing improved. More land was gone, more people were lost.  They felt, rightly, that their backs were against the wall.  Everlasting treaties barely saw a decade out. If the Government found Indian decision making trying the Indians found the converse utterly baffling.

Black Kettle died at Washita as a direct result of his sustained attempts at diplomacy.  He was emulating Red Cloud.  He lacked the Red Cloud touch.  He also wanted for Red Cloud's massed warriors.  

Custer claimed he had killed 110 Cheyenne warriors at Washita.  In fact he got 11 warriors.  The rest were women and children.  The bulk of the Band's fighters were off on a hunt.

All the same Red Cloud's inspirational military and diplomatic win was not all it seemed. True, Forts were abandoned, True, the Bozeman Trail was closed to American settlers.  Yet, Washington had simply placed its strategic eggs in the railroad basket.  The aim had not changed.  This was a world beyond Indian experience.

Crook's winter attack on a Powder River Cheyenne village was the final straw.  At some point we will look at that action in detail.

The Cheyenne, en masse, joined the Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse lobby. Their policy was admirably direct- if they won't leave us alone we fight. 

Old enmities were perforce forgotten. The Black Foot reported for duty.  Like many another before them the tribes resolved to combine and teach the interlopers a lesson they wouldn't forget.

The concept was sound, the actuality fraught.  The best weapons came from the people they intended to fight.  Sometimes they were freely given, betimes traded and of course, captured the hard way.  

The fact remained the other side had a monopoly on the good stuff.  No doubt many Indians recognised the problem.  It didn't matter.  To fight and die was better than just dying. Also, it might possibly work and the tribes were better armed than they ever had been. Today we are rating the Sioux All Brave Dogs Warrior Band.

All Brave Dogs	Sioux Band	Leader, Little Wolf
Movement Foot	Indian
Movement Mounted	Crack
Exhaustion Foot	11
Exhaustion Mounted	12
Field Craft	Crack
Close Combat	Crack
Marksmanship	Good
Weapon	Well Armed
Medicine	14

 

Man for man the Indian was confident of his superiority in combat. It was not misplaced.  He was acclimatised to killing from an early age.  He killed to eat via hunting. He killed men for social prestige or simply to protect others and to survive himself.  He knew not just when and how to strike but also where to strike for the best result.

We can note he was not especially muscled.  Women did most of the physical work.  He was generally tall or at least of middle height. He was inured to bearing hardship.

His ultimate accolade came from striking an armed foe with an open hand or a stick.  Thus demonstrating combat primacy and no small degree of contempt.  It was an irresistible cultural priority.  Men died attempting it.

You might be interested to know it was colour coded. A green paint spot for touching a Crow, Red for a white man, Yellow for a Shoshone.  You could decorate your gear or pony accordingly.  Then everyone would know. 

Obviously living that way came at a price.  The tribes were never rich in man power.  Each man lost to battle was a local disaster. This shaped the Indian approach to war. The aim was to dish out the maximum punishment for the minimum attrition.

War Chiefs could not command, rather they advised.  Mostly they led by example. All the same every Indian was his own General.  His decisions were his alone and could not be criticised.

Indian camps were often surprised in dawn attacks. Leaders could ask for sentries but nothing could compel those sentries to stay at post or awake.

All of this made it difficult to mount a co-ordinated campaign.  The Rosebud was a trial run at it.  It stopped Crook dead.  Little Bighorn was an ad hoc response to an incursion by the 7th Cavalry.  Once again the Indians were surprised.

All this brings us to the appearance of the Plains Warrior.  Eclectic doesn't do it.  He dressed with great care.  He might wear anything that he considered suitable, highly decorated buckskins, parts of silk dresses, bits of Spanish armour, tail coats, stuffed birds. Buffalo caps with horns. Things he had seen in dreams especially. Feathers. The scalps of previous opponents. Magical charms. The list was endless.  

Added to this he painted himself and his pony with a stylised visual record of his martial accomplishments. More paint was added as suited. No two warriors looked the same.  In combat the effect was terrifying.  Then we have war cries and for the Sioux the screech of eagle whistles.

The Plains People wanted to live as Indians.  For the US Government that was an impossible demand.

We may dip further into the subject further as we see other Warrior Bands. For moment I'll just say Yellow Ribbon delivers on the Plains Indian Way of War.  No mean accomplishment.

Crimean War Russian Cavalry in 15mm

 

 

My research and reading is steadily increasing my knowledge of how the Crimean war was actually fought.  

Captain Godman's letters were illuminating and have yet more to tell us.  At Balaclava the Russian attempted to bold cavalry strokes. Neither bore fruit.  One was stymied by Scarlett and the Heavy Brigade, the other stopped by previously unseen infantry and artillery.

In both cases the Russian cavalry withdrew in good order.  Ready for another chance.

I lack the Russian perspective to say more.  I have found an interesting French source.  The Turks present another lacuna. Of course others have been there before me.

I am reliably informed that Barry Hilton's Crimean War rules (Four Empires) are already written.  If you want thoroughly informed and fun wargame rules Barry is your man in my experience.  However his attention is currently elsewhere on other projects. I'm not complaining, two of them are right up my street.  We must wait for his Crimean War Opus.

Nolan had something to say about Turks and Cossacks.  I'll report back on that at sometime soonish.  I recall that he thought the Turkish Cavalry of his time much inferior to their forebears.

I have been busy painting.  Today, we see my Russian cavalry progress.  The figures are from Irregular and Minifigs.  All 15mm as you might expect. 

Irregular Miniatures Russian Dragoons.  These lads have their carbines at the ready.  Not often seen in the Crimean War but common enough on Russia's eastern borders.  

That said they seem to have been used by Russian Hussars against the British Heavy Brigade at Balaclava.  Godman mentions some carbines littering the ground post action. 

Russian Heavy Cavalry from Minifigs.  The flags are from Adolfo Ramos and very jolly they are too.
 

More of the same below.

Russian Hussars, again from Minifigs.

Two squadrons from Irregular below.

Minifig's Circassian Lancers here.  Nolan had nothing but good things to say about Circassian Cavalry. Adept with lance, sword and gun.  As for riding skills, move over Comanches.

Cossacks!  From Minifig's.  I nearly based these lads as irregular cavalry. I'm going to rate these as "Raw Elite" I think.

For action further East I do have some truly irregular Cossacks.

I have  two more squadrons to do but I'm nearly there.  Here are the 7th Vosnesenski Ulhans.  These, from Irregular, are modelled with open Greatcoats.  It enables us to see the colourful uniform worn beneath. 

Lord Raglan, I have read, was pre occupied with potential sweeping flank attacks by the Russian cavalry.  He made provision for that by reserving the British cavalry.  

Someone, was it Nolan? Complained "He is keeping the cavalry in a Bandbox!" An interesting detail from the period.  A bandbox was a hat box, sturdy enough to prevent damage.  You get the idea.

How to rate the Russian Cavalry?   Pretty much the same as the British for the regulars.  Use of the "Elite" suffix for some could stimulate reckless action. Not that we see that from the Russian cavalry. In fighting quality it will be "Trained" all round.

Where we see the Russian cavalry in Godman's account they are always in good order.  Even when thwarted.  They did not go to pieces under artillery fire or when they disengaged from the Heavy Brigade.  They successfully covered a retreat by their infantry on one occasion.  Trained seems a fair assessment.

It occurs to me that better use could have been made of the scouting abilities of the Cossacks.  Yet, I hesitate.  Without Russian sources I cannot take an informed view. 

The great days of cavalry were near enough over.  The officers and troopers were brave but a new reality loomed over them.  

Witness the Russian artillery strike on the Heavy Brigade that Godman recounts.  I have read subsequent that the total casualties of that strike was 83 dead or wounded.  That is for the whole of the Heavy Brigade.  

Naturally horses would have been killed and wounded too.  I do not know how many.  Replacement horses were not easily obtained.  No horse and your trooper cannot do his work.

Of course that need not stop us on the table top where the learning will be painless.  I will essay gallant charges and sweeping flank actions and report back to you.